Chapter 3 Review
Questions
1. What is the Internet?
The
Internet is a network of computer networks that uses two protocols,
collectively known as TCP/IP, to control the exchange of data.
2. Explain the meaning of the two
parts of an email address.
The
first part of an email address (before the @ sign) identifies a particular
computer user. The second part of an email address (after the @ sign) contains
a domain name.
3. Describe how email is
transmitted from the sender to the recipient.
Unless
the email message is short, the mail server divides the message into
packets.The message is sent from mail server through zero or more intermediate
routers to the mail server of the person to whom you are sending the email. The
destination email server reassembles the message from the packets (if
necessary) and transmits the message to the intended recipient.
4. What is spam?
Spam
is unsolicited, bulk email.
5. What does a spam filter do?
A
spam filter attempts to keep spam from reaching someone's mailbox by identifying
and discarding (or routing to a special folder) emails that appear to be spam.
6. What is a URL?
A
URL is a Uniform Resource Locator. Every Web page has a unique URL, enabling hyperlinks
to be set up between arbitrary pages.
7. What is a wiki?
A
wiki is a collaborative Web site that allows multiple people to create and edit
the contents of the site using Web browsers.
8. What is a blog?
A
blog (Web log) is a personal diary or journal kept on the Web. The journal may contain
text, photos, or videos.
9. What is a PC bang?
A
PC bang is a Korean cybercafe in which people play persistent, on-line games.
10. Describe five uses of the Web
not covered in the text.
Here
are five among a multitude of other uses of the Web:
(a)
We sell stuff in on-line auctions (such as eBay).
(b)
We seek medical information from on-line special interest groups of people suffering
from particular diseases.
(c)
We learn about the weather.
(d)
We find out about current traffic conditions before deciding whether to leave
work.
(e)
We get directions before driving to a place we've never been before.
11. Define censorship in your own
words.
Censorship
is when one person or organization prevents another person or organization from
expressing their opinion.
12. Summarize the different forms
of direct censorship.
There
are three forms of direct censorship: government monopolization,
pre-publication review and licensing and registration. Government
monopolization means the government owns all the media outlets. Pre-publication
review means the government must approve information before it is disseminated.
Licensing and registration means a news organization must get a license from
the government before operating. It is used for media with limited bandwidth,
such as radio and television.
13. According to the U.S. Supreme
Court, why do broadcasters have the most limited First Amendment rights?
Broadcasters
have the most limited First Amendment rights because they have a pervasive
presence. Broadcasters beam signals into the privacy of the home. Since people
can turn radios and televisions on and off, they may turn a device on in the
middle of a show. That means that warnings at the start of a show are less
effective than a warning at the front of a newspaper or magazine article. Also,
broadcasting is accessible to children, even those too young to read.
Restricting the access of children to radio or television is more difficult
than restricting access to adult magazines or books.
14. What characteristics of the
Internet make censorship difficult?
Censorship
is difficult on the Internet because:
(a)
The Internet supports many-to-many communication. The Internet has far more
information outlets than television or radio.
(b)
The Internet is dynamic. Millions of computers are being added to the Internet
every year.
(c)
The Web is huge, containing billions of pages. Nobody can keep track of
everything published on the Web.
(d)
The Internet is global. Laws passed in one nation may have no effect outside
that nation's borders.
(e)
It is hard to distinguish between children and adults on the Internet.
15. What is a Web filter?
A
Web filter is a piece of software that prevents Web browsers from displaying
certain pages, presumably because they have objectionable content.
16. What is sexting?
The
term “sexting” refers to sending text messages or emails that are sexually
suggestive. Often sexting involves sending nude photos.
17. What is the leading form of
identity theft in the United States?
The
leading form of identity theft in the United States is credit card fraud.
18. What is phishing?
Phishing is a form of spamming in which the
email messages are designed to trick victims into revealing sensitive financial
information
19. Define cyberbullying in your
own words.
Cyberbullying
refers to bullying via the Internet or the phone system.
20. How does the idea of “Internet
addiction” stretch the traditional concept of addiction?
The
term “Internet addiction, stretches the traditional concept of addiction
because the traditional definition of addiction focuses on the misuse of a
chemical substance or drug.
21. What is the Enlightenment view
regarding responsibility for addiction?
The
Enlightenment view of addiction is that people are responsible for the
decisions they make about what they put into their bodies. Therefore, the
responsibility for a person becoming addicted rests with the addict
himself/herself.
